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Urheilijoiden näkemykset kognitiivisten vinoumien ilmenemisestä lajitaitoharjoittelussa - case HAC Euphoria
(2024)
Kognitiiviset vinoumat ovat ihmisten ajatteluprosesseissa esiintyviä säännönmukaisia malleja, jotka vääristävät muistia, havainnointia, arviointia ja päätöksentekoa. Urheilupsykologiassa kognitiivisia vinoumia on toistaiseksi tutkittu vain vähän...
Cognitive biases are regular patterns in human thinking processes that distort memory, perception, evaluation, and decision-making. In sports psychology, cognitive biases have been studied only minimally so far, despite the fact that in many high-level sports performances, skill performance largely depends on the ability to assess uncertain situations and make decisions under pressure. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate athletes' self-assessments of the occurrence of 12 different cognitive biases in skill training, identify those that are significantly evident, and create development ideas for skill coaching to reduce the negative effects of cognitive biases and exploit the positive effects, thereby improving athletes' performance. The study was a case study, with the target group being the athletes of the Helsinki Athletics Cheerleaders HAC ry's adult cheerdance competitive team HAC Euphoria, and it was conducted in June 2024 using a quantitative questionnaire. The team had a total of 16 athletes, of whom 14 participated in the study, so the results can be considered to reflect the perspectives of the team’s athletes comprehensively. The questions in the questionnaire were statements the validity of which the respondents had to evaluate on a Likert scale of 1-5. In the research report, cognitive biases were categorized into biases related to selective memory, bounded awareness, social comparison, and motivation to change. Among cognitive biases, primacy effect, anchoring bias, confirmation bias, the Dunning-Kruger effect, hyperbolic discounting, and loss aversion were not found to be particularly significant in cheerdance skill training. Instead, recency effect, availability heuristic, approval bias, authority bias, uncertainty bias, and status quo were found to be significantly present in cheerdance skill training. Cognitive biases may affect athletes' motivation, choices, and self-efficacy experiences, and thus also performance. Based on the research results and theoretical background, a checklist was created for considering cognitive biases in skill coaching, which can be utilized by athletes, coaches, and employees of sports clubs, sports federations, and sports institutes. The popularity of cheerdance in Finland has exploded in recent years, and Finland’s adult cheerdance team has won medals in the World Championships a total of six times between 2009-2022, performing the best among all European teams. In modern professional and semi-professional sports, the line between winning and losing is very thin. Could considering these cognitive biases in skill coaching elevate Finnish cheerdance expertise to the very top of the world, surpassing the USA and Japan? When applying the research results to skill training in different sports, the small sample size and the possible deviation of athletes' self-assessments from the objective truth should be considered. This research could be further developed in the future by examining the occurrence of cognitive biases at different stages of motor skill learning, namely the cognitive, associative, and autonomous phases. There is still extensive potential for researching cognitive biases in the context of sports in the future. Keywords: cognitive biases, skill training, cheerdance...
Cognitive biases are regular patterns in human thinking processes that distort memory, perception, evaluation, and decision-making. In sports psychology, cognitive biases have been studied only minimally so far, despite the fact that in many high-level sports performances, skill performance largely depends on the ability to assess uncertain situations and make decisions under pressure. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate athletes' self-assessments of the occurrence of 12 different cognitive biases in skill training, identify those that are significantly evident, and create development ideas for skill coaching to reduce the negative effects of cognitive biases and exploit the positive effects, thereby improving athletes' performance. The study was a case study, with the target group being the athletes of the Helsinki Athletics Cheerleaders HAC ry's adult cheerdance competitive team HAC Euphoria, and it was conducted in June 2024 using a quantitative questionnaire. The team had a total of 16 athletes, of whom 14 participated in the study, so the results can be considered to reflect the perspectives of the team’s athletes comprehensively. The questions in the questionnaire were statements the validity of which the respondents had to evaluate on a Likert scale of 1-5. In the research report, cognitive biases were categorized into biases related to selective memory, bounded awareness, social comparison, and motivation to change. Among cognitive biases, primacy effect, anchoring bias, confirmation bias, the Dunning-Kruger effect, hyperbolic discounting, and loss aversion were not found to be particularly significant in cheerdance skill training. Instead, recency effect, availability heuristic, approval bias, authority bias, uncertainty bias, and status quo were found to be significantly present in cheerdance skill training. Cognitive biases may affect athletes' motivation, choices, and self-efficacy experiences, and thus also performance. Based on the research results and theoretical background, a checklist was created for considering cognitive biases in skill coaching, which can be utilized by athletes, coaches, and employees of sports clubs, sports federations, and sports institutes. The popularity of cheerdance in Finland has exploded in recent years, and Finland’s adult cheerdance team has won medals in the World Championships a total of six times between 2009-2022, performing the best among all European teams. In modern professional and semi-professional sports, the line between winning and losing is very thin. Could considering these cognitive biases in skill coaching elevate Finnish cheerdance expertise to the very top of the world, surpassing the USA and Japan? When applying the research results to skill training in different sports, the small sample size and the possible deviation of athletes' self-assessments from the objective truth should be considered. This research could be further developed in the future by examining the occurrence of cognitive biases at different stages of motor skill learning, namely the cognitive, associative, and autonomous phases. There is still extensive potential for researching cognitive biases in the context of sports in the future. Keywords: cognitive biases, skill training, cheerdance...
